Pathways to Recovery

What treatment and recovery supports are there for people with a gambling problem?

Individuals usually develop gambling problems for one main reason, even if they have a few different risk factors. Research shows that most people follow one of three main paths into problem gambling. A person might relate to more than one path, but usually one pathway fits them best and helps explain why their gambling became a problem. 4

1

Behaviorally conditioned

These individuals develop problem gambling behaviors primarily through repeated exposure and learned behaviors. They typically do not have significant underlying mental health issues. Their gambling is reinforced through wins and environmental cues (e.g., advertisements, accessibility). These individuals might respond well to behavioral interventions and education.

2

Emotionally vulnerable

These individuals use gambling as an emotional escape from anxiety, depression, trauma, or low self-esteem. They may have a history of mental health issues or adverse childhood experiences. Treatment for this group should address co-occurring emotional disorders alongside problem gambling behaviors.

3

Antisocial-impulsive

This group displays high levels of impulsivity, risk-taking, and antisocial traits. They may have a history of conduct disorder, substance use, or criminal activity. This pathway is the most complex and typically requires intensive, multi-modal treatment that includes mental health and behavioral interventions.

Treatment and recovery for problem gambling can look different for everyone.

What works for one person may not work for someone else. Treatment depends on how severe a person’s gambling behaviors are, cultural factors, and the impact that gambling has had on their daily life.

The list below outlines several treatment and recovery options that individuals may find helpful on their path to healing.


Person-centered recovery planning: Being person-centered in treatment is essential, as no two people’s gambling habits are the same, and the types of treatment and recovery options that work best for someone can differ. Identifying cues, goals in treatment, and coping skills that work for someone are important factors for success.

Residential treatment: In residential treatment programs, a person has 24/7 structured support from professionals in a controlled environment with fewer triggers and opportunities to gamble. People work with a professional to learn coping skills and are able to connect with peers who are in a similar situation. While most residential treatment facilities focus on general addictions or mental health concerns, there are a few in Kentucky that have specific experience with and options for treatment of problem gambling disorders.

Outpatient treatment: Outpatient therapy can be an effective and flexible treatment option. The person works with a treatment provider to set a session cadence while continuing with daily routines. Outpatient treatment usually includes one-on-one meetings with a mental health professional and reviewing different treatment options. Some common treatment options for problem gambling include:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Focuses on identifying and challenging false beliefs that contribute to problem gambling, such as chasing losses or believing outcomes can be controlled, while also helping individuals replace risky gambling behaviors with healthier alternatives, including engaging in hobbies, spending time with family or friends, and using coping strategies to manage urges.
Motivational Interviewing (MI): A collaborative, person-centered approach that helps individuals explore and resolve ambivalence about their gambling. Rather than confronting or directing change, MI supports clients in identifying their own reasons for change and strengthening motivation. It is especially useful for individuals who feel uncertain about whether they want to reduce or stop their gambling behaviors.

Peer support programs: Groups or one-on-one interactions with others who are navigating problem gambling can make someone feel supported and like they are not alone in their healing journey. These programs provide a safe and supportive space to talk about gambling urges, share experiences, and learn from others who have faced similar challenges with their gambling. Peer connections can help reduce isolation and build accountability during recovery.

Financial/legal counseling: Problem gambling can often cause or increase debt or legal problems. Through financial and legal counseling, people can work with a professional to develop debt repayment plans, set a budget, and navigate legal issues that were created or intensified by gambling. People may need to connect with a financial specialist or lawyer to fully navigate these types of challenges, as this may be out of scope for many mental health professionals.

Treatment for co-occurring MH/SUD treatment: Gambling problems frequently co-occur with mental health conditions, like depression, anxiety, trauma, ADHD, and substance use disorders such as alcohol or tobacco use disorder. Acknowledging the symptoms and connections between them can lead to better outcomes. This ensures that all symptoms are being addressed to promote overall well-being and significantly increases the chances for long-term recovery.

References

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